The phrase identifies documentation pertaining to the person elements of a particular piece of apparatus: the iScrub 20 chariot-style computerized flooring scrubber. This doc gives an in depth breakdown, probably with diagrams and half numbers, facilitating upkeep, restore, and components substitute.
Such a doc is significant for gear longevity and environment friendly operation. Entry to a available reference reduces downtime by enabling fast identification of needed substitute elements. This minimizes disruption and related prices, particularly in sectors reliant on constant flooring cleansing.
Understanding the character and performance of the sort of doc permits for a simpler method to sourcing upkeep info and making certain the continued efficiency of the gear.
1. Part Identification
Within the realm of apparatus upkeep, understanding the title and performance of every half isn’t merely a matter of technical proficiency; it is the bedrock upon which environment friendly operations are constructed. The guide is the grasp key, revealing the intricate map of the machine.
-
Nomenclature Precision
Correct labeling of every element throughout the guide avoids ambiguity and prevents expensive errors. Think about a technician, confronted with a malfunctioning vacuum motor, looking for a “suction thingy.” Clear, standardized terminology is crucial. The guide turns into the common translator, bridging the hole between analysis and restore.
-
Purposeful Understanding
Past mere identification, the guide typically offers a short description of every element’s objective. Recognizing the function of the squeegee meeting, for example, clarifies its influence on water restoration. Armed with this information, technicians can higher diagnose issues and predict the results of element failure. It is not sufficient to know the title; understanding the perform is essential.
-
Interdependency Mapping
The guide, significantly via exploded diagrams, unveils the relationships between elements. This understanding illuminates how a fault in a single space can ripple outwards, affecting seemingly unrelated components. A clogged resolution filter, for instance, could place undue pressure on the answer pump. By recognizing these interdependencies, technicians transfer past remoted repairs towards holistic problem-solving.
-
Evolutionary Consciousness
Gear undergoes revisions and updates. A complete guide will doc half modifications and model compatibility. A more recent mannequin iScrub 20 may need a redesigned brush motor or a unique management panel interface. Consciousness of those evolutionary shifts, as mirrored within the guide, prevents the set up of incompatible elements and minimizes injury.
The power to pinpoint and perceive every element throughout the iScrub 20, empowered by the guide, transcends routine upkeep. It turns into a gateway to predictive upkeep, optimized efficiency, and extended gear lifespan. It transforms reactive repairs into proactive options.
2. Troubleshooting Information
The chilling silence of a stalled machine. A blinking error code on the show panel. In moments like these, the “Troubleshooting Information,” nestled throughout the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide,” transforms from a group of pages right into a lifeline. Contemplate a situation: the machine refuses to dispense cleansing resolution. A technician, confronted with mounting strain to revive operations, consults the information. With out it, the method turns into a irritating dance of trial and error. With it, the journey begins with a scientific examination.
The information, in essence, is a structured pathway via potential causes. Low resolution ranges, blocked filters, pump malfunctions – every is introduced as a doable offender. The guide, with its detailed element diagrams and half numbers, permits the technician to pinpoint the exact location of the suspected subject. Maybe the information factors to a clogged resolution filter. The technician consults the components listing, identifies the filter half quantity, and, with the exploded diagram, visualizes its placement throughout the machine. A fast inspection confirms the blockage. The information then dictates the suitable treatment: cleansing or substitute. The proper filter is procured, because of the available half quantity, and the machine roars again to life.
The interaction between the “Troubleshooting Information” and the great components info throughout the guide isn’t merely a matter of comfort; it’s a strategic benefit. It reduces downtime, minimizes expensive misdiagnoses, and empowers technicians to resolve points with confidence. The information offers the logical framework; the guide offers the granular element. Collectively, they characterize a potent mixture, making certain the continued operational effectivity of the iScrub 20 and safeguarding towards the disruptive penalties of apparatus failure.
3. Half Quantity Reference
Inside the huge panorama of apparatus upkeep, the “Half Quantity Reference,” enshrined throughout the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide,” stands as a sentinel towards chaos. It’s the Rosetta Stone of restore, translating cryptic malfunctions into actionable options. Think about a bustling warehouse, its polished flooring important for clean operations. The iScrub 20, a tireless workhorse, all of a sudden sputters and halts. The clock is ticking; downtime accrues with every passing second. On this situation, the “Half Quantity Reference” turns into a vital asset.
-
Precision Procurement
A damaged brush motor, recognized via troubleshooting, requires quick substitute. With out the exact half quantity, ambiguity reigns. Generic replacements could match, however compromise efficiency or longevity. The guide’s reference offers an unequivocal identifier, making certain the right brush motor is ordered, stopping delays and minimizing the chance of mismatched elements. Every digit holds weight, eliminating guesswork and making certain exact procurement.
-
Vendor Communication
The components provider, typically a distant entity, requires particular info. A imprecise description of a “wheel thingy” is unlikely to yield outcomes. The half quantity turns into the language of transaction, a universally understood code that transcends regional dialects and technical jargon. When speaking with suppliers, referencing the guide streamlines the ordering course of and ensures that what’s requested is exactly what is required.
-
Stock Administration
Contemplate a fleet of iScrub 20 machines, every requiring a inventory of spare components. An organized stock, fueled by the guide’s half quantity reference, minimizes cupboard space and reduces the chance of obsolescence. Alternative components are simply tracked and positioned, stopping frantic searches and dear delays. The guide acts as the muse for an optimized provide chain, making certain components can be found when and the place wanted.
-
Historic Traceability
Over years of operation, the iScrub 20 could endure repairs and modifications. The “Half Quantity Reference” acts as a historic report, documenting the evolution of its elements. A technician, encountering an unfamiliar element, can seek the advice of the guide to hint its origins and decide its compatibility with the prevailing system. This traceability ensures that modifications are carried out safely and successfully, preserving the integrity of the machine.
The “Half Quantity Reference,” due to this fact, isn’t merely a listing of alphanumeric codes; it’s the linchpin of environment friendly upkeep, streamlined procurement, and historic documentation. Its presence throughout the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide” elevates it from a easy information to an indispensable useful resource, safeguarding operations and minimizing the influence of unexpected breakdowns.
4. Exploded Diagrams
Inside the complete “chariot iscrub 20 components guide,” “Exploded Diagrams” function greater than mere illustrations; they’re visible symphonies of engineering, meticulously dissecting the machine into its constituent parts. Every line, every element rendered in exact element, tells a silent story of design, meeting, and the intricate relationships that bind the entire.
-
Visible Part Localization
Think about a technician, tasked with changing a defective solenoid valve throughout the iScrub 20’s resolution system. With out the diagram, the valve is perhaps a hidden enigma, buried deep throughout the machine’s innards. The “Exploded Diagram” acts as a treasure map, guiding the technician’s gaze on to the valve’s location. Every adjoining element is rendered in context, offering spatial consciousness and minimizing the chance of collateral injury through the substitute course of. The diagram transforms a posh activity right into a guided journey.
-
Meeting Sequence Deciphering
Contemplate the arduous activity of reassembling the iScrub 20’s brush head after an intensive cleansing. With no clear understanding of the meeting sequence, elements is perhaps pressured into incorrect positions, resulting in operational inefficiencies and even injury. The diagram presents the meeting course of in a logical, step-by-step format. Every element is proven in its correct orientation, with arrows indicating the route of insertion. The diagram demystifies the meeting course of, turning a probably irritating endeavor right into a streamlined process.
-
Interdependency Visualization
The iScrub 20 is a symphony of interconnected techniques. A seemingly remoted malfunction in a single space may need repercussions all through the machine. The “Exploded Diagrams” reveal the interdependencies between elements. A diagram of the vacuum system, for instance, may spotlight the connection between the vacuum motor, the filters, and the restoration tank. A blockage within the restoration tank, visualized within the diagram, may clarify a drop in vacuum strain. The diagram permits technicians to suppose holistically, figuring out root causes and stopping recurring issues.
-
Preventative Upkeep Planning
Common inspection of the iScrub 20’s inside elements is essential for prolonging its lifespan. The “Exploded Diagrams” facilitate this course of. By learning the diagrams, technicians can determine put on factors and potential failure zones. A diagram of the drive system, for instance, may reveal the placement of crucial bearings and gears. Common lubrication and substitute of those elements, guided by the diagram, can forestall catastrophic failures and prolong the operational lifetime of the machine. The diagrams remodel reactive upkeep into proactive care.
The ability of the “Exploded Diagrams” throughout the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide” lies not solely of their visible readability, however of their skill to convey complicated info in an intuitive method. They empower technicians to grasp, keep, and restore the iScrub 20 with confidence, making certain its continued efficiency and minimizing the disruptions brought on by surprising breakdowns.
5. Upkeep Procedures
Inside the ecosystem of apparatus repairs, “Upkeep Procedures” type the spine, offering the systematic routines that protect performance. The “chariot iscrub 20 components guide” isn’t merely a catalog of elements; it’s the repository of those procedures, detailing the exact steps required to make sure the machine’s longevity.
-
Scheduled Lubrication Regimes
Think about the iScrub 20, day after day, traversing huge expanses of flooring. With out correct lubrication, friction turns into an insidious enemy, slowly eroding crucial elements. The guide outlines a exact schedule: which bearings require consideration, what kind of lubricant to make use of, and the frequency of software. These directions, if adopted diligently, are a potent weapon towards untimely put on and tear, making certain the machine continues its tireless work. A neglect of the desired lubrication routine is an invite for operational failure. It has a crucial function.
-
Filter Inspection Protocols
Airborne mud, particles, and cleansing resolution contaminants all pose a menace to the iScrub 20’s inside techniques. Filters stand as the primary line of protection, trapping these impurities earlier than they’ll inflict injury. The guide particulars the inspection protocol: how typically to verify the filters, what to search for (clogging, tears, or different indicators of degradation), and when substitute is important. This protocol isn’t arbitrary; it’s a rigorously calibrated system designed to take care of optimum airflow, resolution supply, and general machine effectivity. A uncared for filter inspection rapidly diminishes the machine and enhance time spending on repairing.
-
Brush and Squeegee Upkeep
The iScrub 20’s cleansing prowess hinges on the situation of its brushes and squeegees. Worn brushes go away behind streaks and residue, whereas broken squeegees fail to successfully recuperate water, creating slip hazards. The guide offers particular pointers on sustaining these crucial elements: adjusting brush strain, cleansing squeegee blades, and figuring out indicators of wear and tear. Common consideration to those seemingly minor particulars can dramatically prolong the lifespan of the cleansing heads, preserving the machine’s effectiveness and minimizing expensive replacements. If not, the water will stain and the ground cleansing won’t successfully cleaned.
-
Battery Care and Charging
The iScrub 20, in lots of configurations, depends on batteries to energy its operations. Improper charging and upkeep can drastically cut back battery life, resulting in diminished run instances and dear replacements. The guide outlines the right charging procedures, storage pointers, and strategies for assessing battery well being. Following these directions can maximize battery lifespan, making certain the machine stays operational for prolonged durations and minimizing downtime related to battery failures. Neglect charging will injury machine and reduce flooring cleansing time successfully.
These “Upkeep Procedures,” meticulously documented throughout the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide,” will not be merely options; they’re the cornerstone of accountable gear administration. Adherence to those protocols ensures the iScrub 20 stays a dependable asset, performing its duties effectively and successfully for years to come back.
6. Meeting Directions
The “chariot iscrub 20 components guide,” typically perceived as a information for upkeep and restore, holds inside its pages a crucial but continuously neglected part: the “Meeting Directions.” This part transcends mere diagrams and half lists; it’s the blueprint for creation, the genesis of the machine’s performance. Think about the arrival of {a partially} disassembled iScrub 20 maybe for ease of delivery, or after a significant overhaul. With out this information, the reassembly course of turns into a dangerous journey into mechanical uncertainty.
-
Part Orientation Readability
Every element of the iScrub 20 possesses a particular orientation, a exact alignment crucial for correct perform. The guide’s meeting directions function a compass, guiding technicians via the intricate dance of element placement. Contemplate the comb motor meeting: with out the guide’s detailed illustrations, making certain appropriate alignment of the motor shaft, drive gears, and mounting brackets turns into a matter of guesswork. A misaligned motor dangers untimely put on, inefficient operation, or full failure. The guide eliminates this danger by offering an unambiguous visible roadmap.
-
Sequential Meeting Steps
The meeting course of isn’t a chaotic jumble of duties; it’s a rigorously orchestrated sequence of actions. The guide delineates this sequence, step-by-step, making certain every element is put in within the appropriate order. Making an attempt to put in the restoration tank earlier than securing the body helps, for example, can be a futile train, resulting in instability and potential injury. The meeting directions forestall such errors by offering a transparent, logical development, remodeling a posh activity right into a manageable sequence of actions. That is key to finishing the duty efficiently with out failing.
-
Torque Specs and Fastener Sorts
Fasteners screws, bolts, and nuts are the silent sentinels holding the iScrub 20 collectively. Overtightening them dangers stripping threads and damaging elements; undertightening them invitations loosening and potential failure. The guide offers exact torque specs for every fastener, making certain optimum clamping pressure with out compromising structural integrity. Moreover, it identifies the right kind of fastener to make use of in every location, stopping the usage of mismatched or incompatible {hardware}. It’s the blueprint to create the precise specs of the machine.
-
Wiring Harness Routing and Connections
The iScrub 20 isn’t merely a mechanical marvel; it’s {an electrical} ecosystem, teeming with wires, sensors, and management modules. The meeting directions meticulously element the routing of wiring harnesses, making certain correct connections and stopping chafing or interference. A misrouted wire can result in brief circuits, sensor malfunctions, and even full system failure. The guide’s electrical diagrams act as a safeguard, guiding technicians via the intricate community of wires and connectors, making certain correct performance and stopping expensive electrical mishaps.
The “Meeting Directions,” due to this fact, will not be a supplementary addendum to the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide”; they’re an integral element, important for restoring the machine to its supposed type and performance. These directions make sure that a disassembled iScrub 20 isn’t merely a group of components, however a cohesive, purposeful unit, able to sort out the calls for of rigorous cleansing.
7. Preventative Actions
Inside the silent pages of the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide” lies extra than simply reactive options to malfunctions. It’s the roadmap to proactive care, the place “Preventative Actions” change into the sentinel guarding towards unexpected disruptions. These actions, meticulously outlined, are the protect towards the entropy that threatens all mechanical techniques. They remodel the guide from a mere restore information right into a strategic instrument of foresight. Think about a situation: a hospital hall, reliant on pristine cleanliness. A breakdown of the iScrub 20, a crucial piece of apparatus, would have quick and probably extreme penalties.
-
Common Part Inspections
The guide prescribes routine visible assessments of crucial elements: hoses, belts, and electrical connections. A technician, armed with this information, can determine refined indicators of wear and tear or degradation earlier than they escalate into main failures. A seemingly minor crack in an answer hose, detected throughout a routine inspection, may be addressed proactively, stopping a messy and dear leak throughout operation. The guide transforms passive statement into lively intervention.
-
Scheduled Cleansing and Lubrication
Dust, grime, and insufficient lubrication are the silent saboteurs of mechanical techniques. The guide particulars exact cleansing protocols for numerous elements, making certain optimum efficiency and stopping untimely put on. It specifies the varieties of lubricants to make use of and the frequency of software, safeguarding towards friction and corrosion. A uncared for lubrication schedule, a seemingly insignificant omission, can result in catastrophic bearing failure, rendering the machine inoperable. The guide elevates routine upkeep to a strategic crucial.
-
Battery Upkeep and Monitoring
The iScrub 20, typically reliant on battery energy, is inclined to efficiency degradation because of improper charging and storage. The guide outlines the right charging procedures, voltage thresholds, and storage pointers, maximizing battery lifespan and stopping surprising downtime. Ignoring these protocols can result in diminished run instances, expensive battery replacements, and disrupted cleansing schedules. The guide positions battery care as a proactive funding in operational effectivity.
-
Software program Updates and System Calibrations
Fashionable cleansing gear is usually built-in with refined software program and digital management techniques. The guide offers steering on software program updates and system calibrations, making certain optimum efficiency and stopping unexpected glitches. Neglecting these updates can result in operational inefficiencies, sensor malfunctions, and even full system failure. The guide transforms the software program upkeep from a technical afterthought to a strategic pillar.
These “Preventative Actions,” as outlined within the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide,” will not be merely a guidelines of duties; they’re a testomony to the ability of proactive care. They remodel the guide from a reactive troubleshooting information right into a strategic device for operational excellence, safeguarding towards disruptions and making certain the continued effectivity of the iScrub 20, a crucial asset in sustaining cleanliness and order.
8. Provider Data
The inclusion of “Provider Data” throughout the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide” transforms it from a mere technical doc right into a strategic useful resource, connecting the person on to the supply of important elements. With out this connection, the guide turns into a roadmap to nowhere, a irritating information to components that can’t be simply obtained. This side of the guide transcends easy comfort; it’s the key to sustaining operational effectivity and minimizing expensive downtime.
-
Licensed Distributor Identification
The guide meticulously lists approved distributors for iScrub 20 elements, mitigating the chance of sourcing counterfeit or incompatible components. Think about a upkeep supervisor, urgently needing to switch a crucial circuit board. Navigating the murky waters of on-line marketplaces, they danger buying a substandard element that might injury the machine additional. The guide offers a lifeline, directing them to approved distributors who assure real components and adherence to producer specs. It is a pivotal function.
-
Direct Producer Contact Particulars
In instances of complicated technical points or specialised element wants, direct communication with the producer turns into invaluable. The guide gives this direct line, offering contact info for technical assist and components inquiries. A technician, dealing with a perplexing electrical fault, can bypass the distributor community and seek the advice of straight with the producer’s engineers, making certain correct analysis and the acquisition of the right substitute elements. It is rather useful particularly with uncommon or troublesome conditions.
-
Half Quantity Cross-Reference Tables
Variations partly numbering techniques throughout completely different suppliers can create confusion and ordering errors. The guide contains cross-reference tables, aligning producer half numbers with these utilized by numerous distributors. A upkeep employee, conversant in a distributor’s inside half code, can seamlessly translate it to the corresponding producer code, making certain the right element is ordered with out ambiguity or delay. With confidence the correct and match half is ordered.
-
Guarantee and Return Insurance policies
The acquisition of substitute components isn’t merely a transactional occasion; it’s ruled by guarantee phrases and return insurance policies. The guide outlines these insurance policies, offering readability on protection durations, return procedures, and potential liabilities. A broken or faulty element, bought from a licensed distributor, may be returned or changed underneath guarantee, mitigating monetary danger and making certain buyer satisfaction. It needs to be return and change and coated and guarantee to be efficient.
The mixing of “Provider Data” throughout the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide” transforms it from a static doc right into a dynamic gateway, connecting customers to the important sources required to take care of the iScrub 20 in optimum situation. It isn’t only a information to components; it’s a bridge to options, making certain the machine’s continued operational effectivity and minimizing the disruptions brought on by unexpected malfunctions.
Continuously Requested Questions Relating to the iScrub 20 Components Handbook
The iScrub 20 Components Handbook is a vital useful resource, however its objective and utility are sometimes misunderstood. The next makes an attempt to make clear widespread factors of confusion.
Query 1: Why is a devoted components guide needed? Cant a normal restore information suffice?
Think about a seasoned technician, veteran of numerous gear repairs, confronted with a malfunctioning iScrub 20 in a crucial care facility. The clock is ticking. A normal restore information gives broad directions, however lacks the granular element required to determine a particular element, say, a defective circulation sensor distinctive to this machine. A components guide offers that exact element, enabling fast analysis and stopping expensive downtime. It is not about normal information; it is about particular options.
Query 2: How does the components guide differ from the operators guide?
Consider the operator’s guide as the driving force’s handbook for a car. It particulars the machine’s operation, security procedures, and primary upkeep. The components guide, then again, is the mechanic’s blueprint. It dives into the interior workings, offering exploded diagrams, half numbers, and provider info important for repairs and replacements. One guides operation; the opposite facilitates restoration.
Query 3: What stage of technical experience is required to successfully use the components guide?
The components guide is designed for people with a foundational understanding of mechanical and electrical techniques. Novices could discover it daunting, however skilled technicians will acknowledge its worth as a exact reference device. Making an attempt complicated repairs with out sufficient coaching may be detrimental. Deal with it as knowledgeable instrument, not a layman’s information.
Query 4: How continuously are components manuals up to date, and the way does one acquire the newest model?
Gear producers launch up to date manuals to replicate design modifications, element revisions, and improved upkeep procedures. Acquiring the newest model is paramount. Contacting the producer straight or checking their official web site is essentially the most dependable method. An outdated guide can result in incorrect diagnoses and the procurement of incompatible components.
Query 5: What’s the significance of half numbers throughout the guide? Cant elements be recognized visually?
Relying solely on visible identification is a recipe for error. Half numbers present an unambiguous identifier, making certain the right element is ordered from suppliers. Variations in design, even refined ones, can render visually comparable components incompatible. Deal with the half quantity because the definitive code, the important thing to correct procurement and correct perform.
Query 6: How can the components guide contribute to preventative upkeep efforts?
The components guide, when used proactively, reveals potential failure factors and really helpful upkeep intervals. Finding out exploded diagrams can determine elements liable to put on, permitting for scheduled replacements. The guide additionally lists really helpful lubricants and cleansing procedures, extending the machines lifespan. It is not nearly fixing what’s damaged; its about stopping the breakage within the first place.
The iScrub 20 components guide is an funding within the machine’s longevity and environment friendly operation. Correct understanding and utilization of its contents are important for accountable gear administration.
Proceed to discover particular person sections of the guide for a deeper understanding.
Important Steering from the iScrub 20 Components Handbook
The story is usually advised of a facility counting on impeccable flooring care, dropped at its knees by the sudden failure of a crucial cleansing machine. Downtime spiraled, prices mounted, and frustration festered. This account underscores an important reality: preparation is paramount. The iScrub 20 Components Handbook isn’t merely a troubleshooting information, however a supply of preventative knowledge.
Tip 1: Completely Evaluate Exploded Diagrams. Diagrams are greater than easy illustrations. They provide perception into the machines inside structure. Observe the placement and relationship of key elements, preempting guesswork throughout repairs and selling a deeper understanding of machine operation.
Tip 2: Prioritize Scheduled Upkeep. The guide particulars really helpful upkeep intervals. Adhering to those schedules prevents minor points from escalating into catastrophic failures. Deal with the upkeep schedule as a non-negotiable dedication, safeguarding towards operational disruptions.
Tip 3: Preserve a Complete Components Stock. Compile a strategic stock of generally changed elements. Seek the advice of the guide to determine high-wear objects. This proactive measure minimizes downtime and reduces reliance on exterior suppliers throughout crucial durations.
Tip 4: Correctly Observe Components and Buy Historical past. Correct record-keeping is usually neglected. Observe the dates of element replacements and keep a purchase order log. This information helps determine recurring points and optimizes future procurement choices.
Tip 5: Set up a Clear Communication Channel with Licensed Suppliers. A direct line to dependable suppliers is invaluable. The guide offers contact info for approved distributors. Foster a relationship with these suppliers, streamlining components acquisition and technical assist.
Tip 6: Diligently Comply with Meeting and Reassembly Sequences. The guide’s meeting directions will not be mere options. Deviation from the desired sequence can result in operational inefficiencies and element injury. Adherence is crucial.
The diligent software of the steering discovered throughout the iScrub 20 Components Handbook ensures operational resilience and minimizes the influence of unexpected occasions. Preparation, vigilance, and an intensive understanding of this invaluable useful resource are the keys to sustaining peak efficiency.
The pursuit of optimum gear administration is an ongoing course of. Embrace the knowledge contained throughout the guide, and fortify the group towards the disruptions of mechanical failure.
A Silent Testomony to Operational Readiness
The journey via the intricate panorama of the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide” reveals greater than only a assortment of diagrams and half numbers. It exposes a crucial dependency on meticulous planning and knowledgeable motion. The whispered tales of services paralyzed by gear failure function a potent reminder: operational readiness isn’t unintended; it’s earned via foresight and unwavering adherence to documented procedures. The guide is, due to this fact, not a mere reference however a silent testomony to the dedication to sustained efficiency.
The following chapter on this narrative is written by those that grasp the profound worth of this useful resource. The choice to proactively embrace the guide’s steering, to meticulously keep elements, and to domesticate robust provider relationships marks a shift from reactive firefighting to strategic foresight. The longer term belongs to those that perceive that the “chariot iscrub 20 components guide” is greater than only a doc; it’s the key to unlocking resilience and securing operational continuity. The selection, as all the time, rests with those that bear the accountability for protecting the wheels of progress turning.